2024 NIM Country Report Data – filterable sheet to copy if you wish to filter this report by Country and/or Data Category – CLICK the link copy to local for Excel use – NIM Country Report 2024 – Data Filterable Sheet
| Sector | ACTIVITY | ACTIVITY DETAIL | Australia | Austria | Canada | China | EU | Finland | Germany | Korea | UK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALL | INSIGHT | SUMMARY | Australian industries like metals, chemicals and refining are crucial for its economy and are currently facing challenges in reducing emissions. Decarbonisation is supported with initiatives like the Future Made in Australia Innovation Fund, Powering the Regions Fund, and the National Reconstruction Fund Corporation. Key measures, including the Safeguard Mechanism and the Net Zero Industrial Sector Plan, along with flagship projects to reduce steelmaking emissions are advancing towards net-zero emissions by 2050. | The Austrian industrial sector is crucial to the nation’s economy. The country has a long-standing tradition of steel production and is home to several major steel companies, making it one of the leading producers in Europe. Recent funding initiatives have achieved success in implementing best-practice projects. National initiatives like New Energy for Industry (NEFI) accelerate research in industry decarbonisation by channelling activities in the sector. | Canada’s industry sector thrives due to abundant resources and skilled labour. Chemicals & Refining, along with Steel production, are vital components, contributing to construction, automotive, and infrastructure. Canada has taken significant steps towards Industry Net-zero with new policies, funding opportunities like the Strategic Innovation Fund & Net Zero Accelerator Initiative and various flagship projects. | The industrial landscape of China is a cornerstone of its global economic influence, marked by staggering turnovers and significant contributions to GDP. Alongside economic proficiency, the sector is faced with challenges concerning greenhouse gas emissions. This overview delves into China’s industry sector’s economic significance, its impact on GHG emissions, and governmental policies addressing climate targets. | The EU aims to be climate-neutral by 2050, with an intermediate target of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030. This objective is at the heart of the European Green Deal. Climate neutrality transformation affects a wide area of sectors, with energy intensive industries playing an important role on this path. At the same time, related sectors are crucial in the region’s economy, employing millions of people. Instruments such as Horizon Europe and Innovation Fund assist industries in transitioning to climate neutrality, offering financial support for R&I scale up and deployment. | Industry sectors such as Metals, Chemicals and Manufacturing shape Finland?s economic landscape in the hard-to-abate sectors although the forest industry is the largest industrial sector. Finland has embraced the EU?s most ambitious climate objective, striving to achieve carbon-neutrality by 2035. This commitment is supported by R&D funding such as the Hydrogen and Batteries program, as well as policies aimed at solidifying emission reduction targets, including tackling hard-to-abate emissions from the industry sector. | The German industry sector is highly diversified and renowned for its engineering, automotive and chemicals production. Efforts towards carbon neutrality by 2045 are evident through initiatives such as the National Hydrogen Strategy and funding programs like Carbon Contracts for Difference, supporting the transition to innovative technologies in energy-intensive sectors like steel, chemical, and cement. | The diverse Korean industry, including hard-to-abate sectors, is undergoing a shift towards sustainability, supported by government policies and investments in carbon neutrality and climate-tech. With a 100 billion USD investment in public-private partnerships by 2030, Korea aims to foster climate-tech startups, generate employment, and advance high-tech manufacturing. | The UK’s industry sector significantly contributes to the economy and employment, with efforts to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions through decarbonisation projects and funding for low-carbon technologies. Flagship projects like Hynet NorthWest and various funding opportunities drive these efforts, supported by the Industrial Decarbonisation Strategy and related initiatives to achieve net-zero targets. |
| ALL | INDUSTRY GHG EMISSIONS | SUMMARY | In 2022, Australia’s GHG energy emissions from the sector Energy ? Stationary fuel combustion for Manufacturing industries & construction totalled 43.1 million tonnes CO2-equivalent. Here the metal industry was the largest contributor, followed by manufacturing of machinery, textiles, pulp, paper & print and basic chemical manufacturing. Emissions from the Industrial Processes sector include 33 million tonnes CO2-equivalent, with the largest emissions from metals and product substitutes for ozone (both at 11 million tonnes), followed by minerals (5 million tonnes) and chemicals (3 million tonnes). | Austria’s 2022 Greenhouse Gas Inventory offers a look into the country’s industrial emissions landscape, totalling around 26.5 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent emissions. Industrial processes accounts for a total of 15.9 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent emissions, with the metal industry contributing approximately 10 million tonnes, followed by the mineral industry at 2.9 million tonnes and the chemical industry with 0.7 million tonnes. GHG from Product Uses as substitutes for ODS make um 1.4 million tonnes. Additionally, emissions from Energy – stationary fuel combustion for manufacturing industries and construction represent a significant portion, totalling 10.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions in 2022. | Industrial processes and product use totalled 51.9 million tonnes CO2-equivalent emissions. Among the hard-to-abate sectors, production of minerals accounts for 9 million tonnes, while the chemical industry contributes 5.7 million tonnes and metal production amounted to 14 million tonnes. Emissions related to Energy – Stationary combustion in manufacturing industries & construction make up for 42.2 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent emissions, including 8 million tons for metal production, 9.2 million tonnes for chemicals, 6.8 million tonnes for pulp and paper, 3.8 million tonnes for cement and 12.4 millon tonnes for other manufacturing. | In 2018, China?s sector Industrial processes & product use emitted a total of 1.89 billion tonnes of CO2-equivalent GHG. The mineral industry was the largest contributor, responsible for more than half of these emissions at 991 million tonnes. The chemical industry accounted for approximately 24% of the emissions, with 457 million tonnes of CO2- equivalent. The metal industry contributed around 10%, or 202 million tonnes. Another significant sector includes emissions from halocarbons and SF6, which together accounted for 234 million tonnes (12.4%). In addition to these figures, GHG emissions from Energy ? stationary fuel combustion in manufacturing industries and construction were substantial, totalling over 3.4 billion tonnes of CO2-equivalent. | In 2021, European greenhouse gas emissions experienced an increase compared to 2020, as economic activity rebounded following the Covid-19 pandemic. The total emissions surpassed 3 billion tonnes of CO2-equivalent, with 23% stemming from industrial uses, amounting to 744 million tons of CO2- equivalent. Within the sector Energy, stationary combustion sources in manufacturing industries and construction contributed 426 million tons, while Industrial processes & product use were attributed to 318 million tons. Specifically, industrial processes included emissions from cement and lime (approximately 90 million tons), chemicals (around 45 million tons), and metals (about 67 million tons). | Within 2023 Greenhouse Gas Inventory of Finland Industrial processes & product use, emissions amount to 4.7 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent. This includes contributions from the metal industry (approximately 1.98 million tons), the chemical industry (1.07 million tons), the mineral industry (0.77 million tons) and non-energy products from fuels and solvent use (0.13 million tons). Emissions from Energy ? stationary combustion of fossil fuels in manufacturing industries & construction totalled 5.3 million tons of CO2 equivalent. Notably, there has been a decrease of over 50% since 1990 of this emission category. | In 2021, Germany’s greenhouse gas inventory reported a total of 764 million tonnes of CO2- equivalent emissions, with approximately 23% stemming from industry, amounting to over 183 million tonnes CO2-equivalent. Within Industrial processes, emissions reached around 57 million tonnes, led by cement and lime as the largest contributors with 18.2 million tonnes, followed by Iron & Steel at 16.4 million tonnes, and chemicals and refining at approximately 6 million tonnes. Emissions from Energy – fuel combustion in manufacturing industries and construction were estimated at around 126 million tonnes CO2-equivalent. Iron and steel constitute roughly 30% of these emissions, making it the largest sector in this category. | In 2018, total GHG emissions in the Republic of Korea were 727.6 million tonnes of CO2- equivalent, where approximately 34% could be attributed to the industry sector. Emissions from the sector Industrial Processes and Product Use amounted to 57 million tonnes CO2-equivalent. Emissions from Energy – fuel combustion in manufacturing industries and construction amounted to around 187 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent. Together they account for 240 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent GHG emissions, that can be attributed to the industry sector. | In 2021, the United Kingdom?s reported a total of 430.7 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent net emissions, with approximately 17% relating to the industry sector, amounting to over 72.9 million tonnes CO2-equivalent. This includes the subsector Industrial Processes and Product Use with a total of 32.2 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent emissions, making it the third largest sector for greenhouse gas emissions. The subsector declined around 60% decline since the 1990s. Emissions related to the subsector Energy Use in manufacturing industries and construction, reported a total of approximately 40.7 million tonnes CO2-equivalent emissions. |
| ALL | SECTORS OVERVIEW | SUMMARY | Australia offers statistics along the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC). Industrial areas are distributed throughout the country, with key hubs in Pilbara, Kwinana, Illawarra, Hunter and Gladstone. In 2021 the Metal sector, crucial to global trade in ferrous ores and lithium, employed 72,600 people, with a turnover of 71.6 billion AUD. Australia’s Chemical and Refining sector employed over 58,000 people in 2021, generating a net turnover of 51.9 billion AUD. In 2020, production included approximately 5.3 million tonnes of Clinker, 9.6 million tonnes of Cement, and 1.5 million tonnes of Lime. This activity generated a net turnover of 13.5 billion AUD and provided jobs for over 11,600. | Chemicals & Refining stands out as the largest industry sector in terms of annual turnover, providing employment opportunities for 88,800 individuals. Chemical companies are distributed across Austria with key clusters in Upper Austria near Linz and the Vienna region. The Metal sector holds historical significance in Austria, notably marked by voestalpine’s pioneering Linz-Donauwitz process. Today over 7.88 million tonnes of crude steel and 6.14 million tonnes of iron are produced annually. In 2018 Austria also produced 5.2 million tonnes of Cement and Lime leading to an annual turnover of 430 million ?. | In total the hard-to-abate Industry sectors of chemical & refining, metals (including steel & iron) and lime & cement generate an annual net turnover of over 36 billion CAD and offer employment to over 270,000 people. In 2021, Canada’s Metals industry generated 15 billion CAD in turnover, exporting to the US and Mexico. The Cement and Lime sector supported 158,000 jobs within the associated field of building & construction. Meanwhile, the Chemicals & Refining industry, boasting a 9.4 billion CAD turnover in 2017, employed over 88,000 people and exported to the US, Italy, and Japan. | China’s industry sector is the world’s largest manufacturer and exporter. It fuels employment, technological progress, and drives China’s GDP growth and global trade. The Metals sector boasts an annual net turnover of 650 billion USD producing more than 1.3 billion tonnes steel in the year 2022, closely followed by the Cement & Lime sector at 565.1 billion USD producing more than 2.3 billion tonnes cement in 2021. Despite the mineral sector clearly accounting for the most GHG emissions, China’s Chemicals & Refining sector leads in annual turnover, reaching a staggering 4.7 trillion USD. | Europe?s Chemicals & Refining industry is the second largest producer worldwide after Asia. It includes annual sales of over 760 billion ?, R&I investments of over 11 billion ? and a workforce of over 1.2 million. The Metal sector, both non-ferrous and ferrous, is highly relevant to Europe?s job market, providing direct jobs for over 4.8 million people and a combined annual turnover over 250 billion ?. The European cement sector is the third largest worldwide, after China and India, making up around 6% of annual production. According to the RE4Industry Project, the Cement & Lime sector encompasses an annual turnover above 19.4 billion ? and 58,000 jobs. Affordable renewable energy availability, energy efficiency and circularity are some of the priorities for industry transformation. | Industry plays a crucial role in Finland’s economy, with hard-to-abate sectors like Metals and Chemicals contributing significantly to the GDP. The Metal sector alone generates an estimated annual turnover of 53 billion ?, providing employment opportunities for over 180,000 individuals. Chemicals & Refining contribute around 30 billion ? per year and offer stable employment for approximately 12,500 people. Additionally, the Cement & Lime sector, with a net turnover of a little over 1 billion ? annually, holds considerable significance. | The German Chemical & Refining industry is a major global player, ranking fourth worldwide with an annual turnover of over 261.2 billion ? and providing employment for more than 353,500 individuals. This places it behind only the United States, China, and Japan.39 The Metal industry in Germany includes the production of 37 million tonnes of steel and 7.3 million tonnes of non-ferrous metals, while supporting over 190,000 jobs. In 2022, the sector was valued at 143 billion ?.40 The combined annual revenue of the Cement & Lime industries in Germany exceeds 4 billion ?, with more than 15,000 people employed and producing more than 30 million tonnes of cement and 6 million tonnes of lime annually. | The Korean industry sector is known for its diverse range of industries, where hard-to- abate and energy-intensive sectors play a pivotal role in shaping its landscape. In 2022, the Chemicals and Refining sector emerged as the frontrunner in terms of annual turnover, boasting an impressive 322.7 billion USD in 2022 and providing employment opportunities for over 165,000 individuals. The Metals industry proved its significance with an impressive annual net turnover exceeding 118 billion USD. Notably, POSCO (Pohang Iron and Steel Company) stands out as one of the world’s largest steel producers. South Korea’s Cement production in 2022 reached 51 million tonnes, resulting in a substantial annual net turnover of 3.9 billion USD. | In 2021, the UK’s Chemical and Refining industry (SIC codes 19.2 and 20) achieved a net turnover of 77.6 billion �, providing employment for over 103,000 people. Following this, the Metal sector, encompassing iron and steel production, recorded a turnover of 17.8 billion � and offers jobs for over 71,000 people in the UK (SIC code 24 ? ‘Manufacture of basic metal’). In 2021 the UK produced 8.4 million tonnes of Cement and Lime, resulting in a net turnover of 0.7 billion � and creating job opportunities for more than 2,000 individuals (SIC code 23.5 – ‘Manufacture of cement, lime, and plaster’). (SIC code 23.5 – ?Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster?). |
| CHEMICALS & REFINING | ECONOMIC RELEVANCE OF SECTOR | SUMMARY | CHEMICALS & REFINING Annual net turnover (2021): 51.9 billion AUD Number of employees (2023): 58,000 Export value (2023): 15.9 billion AUD Biggest companies based on turnover: Glencore, Wesfarmers, Ampol, BP Australia, Chevron Australia Main export markets: Ship and Aircraft Stores (21%), USA, China, New Zealand, Japan | CHEMICALS & REFINING Annual net turnover (2021): 16.9 billion ? Number of employees (2021): 88,800 Export quota (approx.): 33% Biggest companies based on turnover: Borealis AG, Henkel Central Eastern Europe GmbH, Lenzing AG Industry Hotspots: Upper Austria, Vienna region | CHEMICALS & REFINING Annual net turnover (2021): 10.4 billion CAD Number of employees (2021): Direct – 78,500 Indirect – 392,000 Main export market (2023): US, China, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Germany, Mexico, Belgium, France | CHEMICALS & REFINING Annual net turnover (2022): 4.711, 5 billion USD Production capacity ethylene: 29 million tonnes Production capacity sulfuric acid: 95 million tonnes Production capacity caustic soda: 39 million tonnes Industry Hotspots: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Shandong Province | CHEMICALS & REFINING Annual turnover (2022): 760 billion ? Biggest producers (2022): Germany (30%), France (18%), Netherlands (11%), Italy (9%) Export sales (2022): 240 billion ? Direct jobs (2018): 1.2 million Indirect jobs (2018): 3.6 million Main export markets (2022): USA (16%), UK (12%), Turkey (4%), Brazil (2%) | CHEMICALS & REFINING Annual net turnover (2023): 30 billion ? Number of employees: ~12,500 Main export markets (2023): Sweden, USA, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, UK, Poland Biggest companies based on turnover: Neste, Kemira, Yara, Umicore, Linde, Jervois, Borealis Polymers, PPG Tikkurila | CHEMICALS & REFINING Annual turnover (2022): 261.2 billion ? Number of employees (2022): 353,512 Biggest companies based on turnover: BASF SE, DOW, Wacker, Bayer, Shell, BP Main export markets: EU, USA, China | CHEMICALS & REFINING Annual turnover (2023): 322.7 billion USD Production capacity ethylene (2022): 12.8 million tonnes Production capacity refining (2022): 3,363 thousand barrels / day Number of employees (2023): 165,934 Main export markets: China, USA, India, Vietnam, Japan Industry Hotspots: Daesan, Yeosu, Ulsan, Onsan | CHEMICALS & REFINING Annual net turnover (2021): 77.6 billion � Number of employees (2021): 103,000 Export value (2021): 41.8 billion � Biggest companies based on turnover: Croda International, Johnson Matthey, Exxon Mobil |
| CHEMICALS & REFINING | ECONOMIC RELEVANCE OF SECTOR | Annual net turnover: | 51.9 billion AUD | 16.9 billion ? | 10.4 billion CAD | 4.711, 5 billion USD | 760 billion ? | 30 billion ? | 261.2 billion ? | 322.7 billion USD | 77.6 billion � |
| Number of employees: | 58,000 | 88,800 | Direct – 78,500 & Indirect – 392,000 | NR | Direct jobs (2018): 1.2m & Indirect jobs (2018): 3.6m | ~12,500 | 353,512 | 165,934 | 103,000 | ||
| Export value: | 15.9 billion AUD | Quota 33% | NR | NR | 240 billion ? | NR | NR | NR | 41.8b � | ||
| Production Capacity: | NR | NR | NR | 29m tonnes (ethylene), 95m tonnes (sulfuric acid), 39m tonnes (custic soda) | NR | NR | NR | 12.8m tonnes (ethylene 2022) & 3,363 thousand barrels / day (Refining 2022) | NR | ||
| Biggest companies based on turnover: | Glencore, Wesfarmers, Ampol, BP Australia, Chevron Australia | Borealis AG, Henkel Central Eastern Europe GmbH, Lenzing AG | NR | NR | Biggest producers (2022): Germany (30%), France (18%), Netherlands (11%), Italy (9%) | Neste, Kemira, Yara, Umicore, Linde, Jervois, Borealis Polymers, PPG Tikkurila | BASF SE, DOW, Wacker, Bayer, Shell, BP | NR | Croda International, Johnson Matthey, Exxon Mobil | ||
| Main export markets: | Ship and Aircraft Stores (21%), USA, China, New Zealand, Japan | Regional Hotspots: Upper Austria, Vienna region | US, China, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Germany, Mexico, Belgium, France | Industry Hotspots: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Shandong Province | USA (16%), UK (12%), Turkey (4%), Brazil (2%) | Sweden, USA, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, UK, Poland | EU, USA, China | China, USA, India, Vietnam, Japan. Industry Hotspots: Daesan, Yeosu, Ulsan, Onsan | NR | ||
| METALS INCLUDING IRON AND STEEL | ECONOMIC RELEVANCE OF SECTOR | SUMMARY | METALS INCLUDING IRON AND STEEL Annual net turnover (2021): 71.6 billion AUD Number of employees (2023): 72,600 Export value (2023): 51.7 billion AUD Biggest companies based on turnover: Rio Tinto, BHP, The Perth Mint, BlueScope Steel, Hancock Main export markets: China (21%), Hongkong (11.6%), India, UK, South Korea | METALS INCLUDING IRON AND STEEL Annual net turnover (2021): 8.6 billion ? Number of employees (2023): 15,601 Main export markets: Germany, US, France, Italy, Switzerland Biggest companies based on turnover: voestalpine AG, Blum Group Holding GmbH, Plansee Holding AG, Amag AG Industry Hotspots: Linz, Donauwitz-Leoben | METALS INCLUDING IRON AND STEEL Annual net turnover (2023): 9.5 billion CAD Number of employees (2021): Steel & Aluminium: 347,000 Main export markets (2023): US, Norway, Netherlands Biggest companies based on turnover: ArcelorMittal, Algoma & Stelco | METALS INCLUDING IRON AND STEEL Annual net turnover (2022): 4.7 trillion yuan / 650 billion USD Production capacity (2022): 1,340.3 million tonnes steel Export quantity (2022): 67.3 million tonnes steel Main export markets: Asia (71%), Africa (12%), South America (9%), Europe (7%), North America (< 2%) Industry Hotspots: Liaoning Province and Shandong Province | METALS INCLUDING IRON AND STEEL Annual turnover: Non-ferrous ?120 billion ? Steel (2022) ?130 billion ? Annual production: Non-ferrous ?47 million tonnes Steel (2022) ?130 million tonnes Direct jobs: Non-ferrous ? 500,000 Steel (2022) – 306,000 Steel exports (2022): 16.6 million tonnes Main steel export markets (2022): UK, Turkey, US, Switzerland, Egypt | METALS INCLUDING IRON AND STEEL Annual net turnover (2023): 53 billion ? Number of employees: ~187,000 (Industrial Union) Main export markets (2023): EU, USA, UK Biggest companies based on turnover: SSAB Finland, Outokumpu, Boliden, Terrafame | METALS INCLUDING IRON AND STEEL Annual turnover: Primary Steel industry (2022) 55.2 billion ? Non-ferrous (2020) 53.2 billion ? Steel & metal processing industry 80 billion ? Production capacity: Raw Steel (2022) 37 million tonnes Non-ferrous (2020) 7.3 million tonnes Number of employees: Primary Steel Industry (2022) 90,000 Non-ferrous (2020) 108,295 Biggest companies based on turnover: ArcelorMittal, ThyssenKrupp | METALS INCLUDING IRON AND STEEL Annual net turnover (2022): Ferrous 97.1 trillion KRW / 71.7 billion USD Nonferrous 46.95 billion USD Production capacity (2022): Ferrous 65.8 million tonnes crude steel Nonferrous 2.25 million tonnes Number of Employees (2022): 197,410 Main export markets: EU, Japan, China, US, India, Vietnam Biggest companies (2022): POSCO, Hyundai Steel, LS MnM, Korea Zinc, Poongsan, Novelis Korea, Youngpoong SOONC Industry Hotspots: Pohang, Cwangyang, Ulsan, Dangjin | METALS INCLUDING IRON AND STEEL Annual net turnover (2021): 17.8 billion � Number of employees (2021): 71,000 Export value (2021): 27.7 billion � Biggest companies based on turnover: Tata steel, British Steel Industrial areas: Port Talbot, Scunthorpe Main export markets: Europe (43%) |
| METALS INCLUDING IRON AND STEEL | ECONOMIC RELEVANCE OF SECTOR | Annual net turnover: | 71.6 billion AUD | 8.6 billion ? | 9.5 billion CAD | 4.7 trillion yuan / 650 billion USD | Non-ferrous ?120b ? & Steel (2022) ?130b ? | 53 billion ? | 55.2b ? (Primary Steel), 53.2b ? (Non-ferrous) & 80b ? (Steel & metal processing industry) | 71.7 billion USD (Ferrous) & 46.95 billion USD (Non-ferrous) | 17.8 billion � |
| Number of employees: | 72,600 | 15,601 | Steel & Aluminium – 347000 | NR | Direct: Non-ferrous ? 500,000 & Steel (2022) – 306,000 | ~187,000 (Industrial Union) | 90,000 (Primary Steel 2022) & 108,295 (Non-ferrous 2020) | 197,410 | 71,000 | ||
| Export value: | 51.7 billion AUD | NR | NR | Export Quantity: – 67.3m tonnes (steel) Production capacity 2022 – 1340.3m tonnes (steel) | Export Quantity: 16.6m tonnes (Steel) Production: Non-ferrous ?47m tonnes & Steel (2022) ?130m tonnes | NR | NR | NR | 27.7 billion � | ||
| Production Capacity: | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 37m tonnes – Raw Steel (2022), 7.3m tonnes – Non-ferrous (2020) | (2022): 65.8m tonnes (Ferrous) & 2.25m tonnes (Non-ferrous) | NR | ||
| Biggest companies based on turnover: | Rio Tinto, BHP, The Perth Mint, BlueScope Steel, Hancock | voestalpine AG, Blum Group Holding GmbH, Plansee Holding AG, Amag AG | ArcelorMittal, Algoma & Stelco | NR | NR | SSAB Finland, Outokumpu, Boliden, Terrafame | ArcelorMittal, ThyssenKrupp | POSCO, Hyundai Steel, LS MnM, Korea Zinc, Poongsan, Novelis Korea, Youngpoong SOONC | Tata steel, British Steel | ||
| Main export markets: | China (21%), Hongkong (11.6%), India, UK, South Korea | Germany, US, France, Italy, Switzerland (Regional Hotspots: Linz, Donauwitz-Leoben) | US, Norway, Netherlands | Asia (71%), Africa (12%), South America (9%), Europe (7%), North America (< 2%) Industry Hotspots: Liaoning Province and Shandong Province | UK, Turkey, US, Switzerland, Egypt | EU, USA, UK | NR | EU, Japan, China, US, India, Vietnam. Industry Hotspots: Pohang, Cwangyang, Ulsan, Dangjin | Europe (43%) Industrial areas: Port Talbot, Scunthorpe | ||
| CEMENT & LIME | ECONOMIC RELEVANCE OF SECTOR | SUMMARY | CEMENT & LIME Annual net turnover (2021): 13.5 billion AUD Number of employees (2023): 11,600 Export value (2023): 55.6 million AUD Biggest companies based on turnover: Seven, Fletcher Building, James Hardie Industries, CSR, Hanson Australia Holdings Main export markets: New Zealand (63.8%), Spain (12.5%), Papua New Guinea, USA, Vietnam | CEMENT & LIME Annual net turnover (2018): 0.43 billion ? Members of the AT cement association: 1,200 Export quota (2023): 80% Biggest companies based on turnover: Leyer + Graf BaugmbH, Ing. Hans Bodner BauGmbH & Co. KG, Baumit GmbH, Franz Oberndorfer GmbH & Co. KG | CEMENT & LIME Annual net turnover (2021): 0.74 billion CAD Number of employees (2022): Cement – 158,000 Main export market (2023): United States, Jamaica, Bermuda Biggest companies based on turnover: Lafarge Canada, Heidelberg Materials | CEMENT & LIME Annual net turnover (2022): 565.1 billion USD Production capacity cement (2021): 2.38 billion tonnes cement Production capacity clinker (2021): 1.59 billion tonnes Export quantity (2022): 1.96 million tonnes Industry Hotspots: Anhui Province and Fujian Province | CEMENT & LIME Turnover (2019): Cement ?15.2 billion ? Lime ?4.2 billion ? Number of employees (2019): Cement ?47,000 Lime ?11,000 Annual production (2020): 171.5 million tonnes cement Export (2023): 9.3 million tonnes cement Main export markets (2023): Turkey, Algeria, Ukraine | CEMENT & LIME Annual net turnover (2023): 1 billion ? Number of employees: ~5,000 Biggest companies based on turnover: Parma, Rudus, Lujabetoni | CEMENT & LIME Annual turnover: Lime (2021) 0.7 billion ? Cement (2022) 3.5 billion ? Production capacity lime: Lime (2021) 6 million tonnes Cement (2022) 30 million tonnes Number of employees: Lime (2021) 3,100 Cement (2022) 12,100 Biggest companies based on turnover: Lhoist, Fels Werke, HeidelbergCement, Cemex | CEMENT Annual net turnover (2022): 5.3 trillion KRW / 3.85 billion USD Production capacity cement (2022): 51 million tonnes Number of Employees (2022): 5,100 Biggest companies (2022): Sampyo Cement, Ssangyong C&E, Hanil Cement, Sungshin Cement, Halla Cement Industry Hotspots: Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do | CEMENT & LIME Annual net turnover (2021): 0.7 billion � Number of employees (2021): in Great Britain 2,000 Export value (2021): 0.1 billion � Biggest companies based on turnover: UK-owned Breedon cement, Cemcor International Cemez, Tarmac, Heidelberg Materials, Aggregate Industries |
| CEMENT & LIME | ECONOMIC RELEVANCE OF SECTOR | Annual net turnover: | 13.5 billion AUD | 0.43 billion ? | 0.74 billion CAD | 565.1 billion USD | Cement ?15.2b ? & Lime ?4.2b ? | 1 billion ? | 0.7b ? – Lime (2021) & 3.5b ? – Cement (2022), | 3.85 billion USD | 0.7 billion � |
| Number of employees: | 11,600 | 1,200 (members of the AT Cement Association) | Cement – 158,000 | NR | Cement ?47,000 & Lime ?11,000 | ~5,000 | 3,100 – Lime (2021) & 12,100 – Cement (2022) | 5,100 | 2,000 | ||
| Export value: | 55.6 million AUD | Quota 80% | NR | Export Quantity: – 1.96m tonnes Production capacity 2.38b tonnes (cement), 1.59b tonnes (clinker) | Export Quantity: 9.3m tonnes cement (2023) & Production: 171.5m tonnes cement | NR | NR | NR | 0.1b � | ||
| Production Capacity: | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 6m tonnes – Lime (2021), 30m tonnes – Cement (2022) | 51 million tonnes | NR | ||
| Biggest companies based on turnover: | Seven, Fletcher Building, James Hardie Industries, CSR, Hanson Australia Holdings | Leyer + Graf BaugmbH, Ing. Hans Bodner BauGmbH & Co. KG, Baumit GmbH, Franz Oberndorfer GmbH & Co. KG | Lafarge Canada, Heidelberg Materials | NR | NR | Parma, Rudus, Lujabetoni | Lhoist, Fels Werke, HeidelbergCement, Cemex | Sampyo Cement, Ssangyong C&E, Hanil Cement, Sungshin Cement, Halla Cement | UK-owned: Breedon cement, Cemcor & International: Cemez, Tarmac, Heidelberg Materials, Aggregate Industries | ||
| Main export markets: | New Zealand (63.8%), Spain (12.5%), Papua New Guinea, USA, Vietnam | NR | United States, Jamaica, Bermuda | Industry Hotspots: Anhui Province and Fujian Province | Turkey, Algeria, Ukraine | NR | NR | Industry Hotspots: Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do | NR | ||
| ALL | KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND R&D CAPABILITIES ? KEY CONTACTS | SUMMARY | The Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) offers programs in place to share knowledge, insights and data from funded projects to help the renewable energy industry and other projects learn from experience. The Heavy Industry Low-carbon Transition Cooperative Research Centre (HILT CRC) is a collaborative venture that brings together industries, researchers, and government organisations to share the responsibility for the big shift of decarbonisation. | The New Energy for Industry (NEFI) innovation network acts as the primary Austrian contact point for R&D efforts to decarbonise the industry. Within NEFI, stakeholders team up with researchers to develop green technologies. The Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) offers funding consultation for a variety of research and demonstration projects. Further, all FFG-funded projects can be found in its database with abstracts available in English. | Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy (PRCEE) Ministry of Ecology and Environment – Research on social development & synergistic development of energy, environment, climate & economy – Evaluation of relevant policies Institute of Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua University – Focus on dual-carbon goal – Collaborating in development of disruptive technologies | The Joint Research Centre (JRC) provides independent, evidence-based knowledge and science, supporting a variety of the EU policies, including the industrial policy, at multiple stages of the EU policy cycle. It contributes significantly to the overall objective of a major EU R&I funding programme, the Horizon Europe. The JRC includes a publications repository and an EU Science Hub. | The Cluster Decarbonisation in Industries (CDI) supports Germany’s aim of achieving greenhouse gas neutrality by 2045. CDI serves as an interdisciplinary network based in Cottbus, engaging stakeholders across science, business, politics, and administration to drive solutions and innovations for a climate-friendly industrial future. | Korea Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) Korea Planning & Evaluation Institution of Industrial Technology (KEIT) Mail: [email protected] Phone: 825 37 18 82 44 | The Industrial Decarbonisation Research and Innovation Centre (IDRIC) was founded at Heriot-Watt University. The center encompasses a variety of research projects and includes a Knowledge Hub. The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) can answer questions concerning research and fundig | ||
| ALL | DECARBONISING INDUSTRY – FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES | SUMMARY | The Future Made in Australia – Innovation Fund supports innovation, commercialisation, pilot and demonstration projects and early-stage development in priority sectors, including renewable hydrogen, green metals, low carbon and clean energy technology manufacturing such as batteries. The Fund is a key initiative under the $22.7 billion Future Made in Australia initiative. Total funding volume: 1.7 billion AUD The Powering the Regions Fund (PRF) allocates funding to support four key areas: decarbonising existing industries, developing new clean energy sectors, workforce development, and purchasing carbon credits to facilitate the transition to net zero emissions. Total funding volume: 1.9 billion AUD Australia has several public organisations that support RD&D and early-stage commercialisation of industrial decarbonisation technologies through co-investment with the private sector, including ARENA, CEFC, and CRCs. The National Reconstruction Fund Corporation (NRFC) invests in projects to support manufacturing across seven priority areas including renewables & low emission technologies, and resources like minerals and metals. The NRFC delivers NRF funding as an independent financier. Total funding volume: 15 billion AUD In 2024 Australia and Austria launched a joint call for industrial decarbonisation for pilot/test projects. Total funding volume: 24 million AUD | The RTI Initiative for Transforming Industry aims to develop and test innovative solutions to reduce energy- and process- related GHG emissions of energy-intensive industries. Projects must be between TRL 4-8, which includes the combination with pilot and demo projects. Timeframe: 2023-2027 Total funding volume: 320 million ? Further funding opportunities include: The Clean Energy Transition Partnership (CETP) offers transnational funding, including calls for integrated industrial energy systems and CCU/CCS. In 2024 Austria and Australia launched a joint call for industrial decarbonisation with a planned funding volume of 7 million ?. | Strategic Innovation Fund (SIF) & Net Zero Accelerator (NZA) Initiative: SIF supports companies across Canada’s industrial and tech sectors with repayable and non- repayable contributions. NZA invests in decarbonisation, transformation and cleantech ecosystem development. Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC): Offers start-up and scale-up funding for cleantech entrepreneurs and technological projects. Energy Innovation Program (EIP): Funds clean energy research, development, and demonstration projects, including carbon capture, clean fuels, and industrial fuel switching. Clean Fuels Fund: A 1.5 billion CAD investment over five years to support clean fuel production facilities (including conversion), biomass supply chains, and regulatory alignment. 1.5 billion CAD. | In 2022, China’s Ministry of Finance issued the ‘Opinions on Financial Support for Achieving Peak Carbon Emissions and Carbon Neutrality’ as part of the Dual Carbon goals, emphasising fiscal support, market-based approaches, tax incentives, and international cooperation. The document aims to optimise fiscal expenditures, reward regions achieving outstanding results, and enhance support for key industries. It proposes establishing a national low-carbon transition fund, leveraging existing investment funds, and encouraging private capital for green projects. Tax policies will incentivise energy conservation, resource utilisation, and carbon emission reduction while optimising tariff structures for environmental objectives. | On the level of the European Union many interrelated policies, programmes, and initiatives, covering a wide variety of fields, currently contribute to the EU industrial policy. From the R&I perspective relevant to energy intensive industries we can mention as examples the following instruments: ? The Horizon Europe programme is a R&I funding programme. Projects related to energy intensive industries under Horizon Europe are targeting technology readiness level (TRL) ? 7. Timeframe: 2021 until 2027 Total funding volume: 95.5 billion ? ? Processes4Planet is a Horizon Europe co-programmed partnership. Its ambition is to make European energy intensive process industries, including cement, metals, ceramics, chemicals, engineering, minerals, water, refineries, and pulp & paper, circular and climate neutral by 2050 and enhance their global competitiveness. Overall public/private budget: 2.6 billion ? ? For the steel sector, the Clean Steel partnership is another co-programmed partnership to pilot and demonstrate breakthrough technologies up to TRL?8 that can reduce CO2 emissions stemming from EU steel. By 2027 it will implement at least two demonstration projects that could cut CO2 emissions by 50% compared to 1990 levels and achieve TRL 8 by 2030 in at least twelve areas funded by the partnership. Examples of other funding opportunities: EU Funding & Tenders Portal Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI) The European Commission is also implementing a Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS), to support research projects in the coal and particularly steel industries, especially new technologies leading to net-zero-carbon steel making. Overall public/private budget: 1.7 billion ? ? The Innovation Fund is one of the world?s largest funding programmes for the deployment of net-zero and innovative technologies. It is fully funded by the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), and aims to bring to the market solutions to decarbonise European industry and support its transition to climate neutrality while fostering its competitiveness. Amongst other, the Fund supports projects focusing on innovative low- carbon technologies and processes in energy-intensive industries, including products that can substitute carbon- intensive ones, as well as on carbon capture utilisation and storage. Total funding volume: 40 billion ? (assuming a carbon price of 75 ?/t CO2) ? The European Innovation Council and the European Investment Bank offer further important funding opportunities, for example for larger scale / more mature projects or start-ups and SME?s. | ? Clean Energy Transition Partnership In 2023, the Business Finland finances the Clean Energy Transition Partnership (CETP) with a total budget of 5 million ?. Especially module 9 ?Integrated Industrial Energy Systems? and module 4 ?Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS)? are directed towards decarbonisation of industries. ? Sustainable Manufacturing Finland The Sustainable Manufacturing Finland program focuses on renewing business models and increasing productivity, while actively seeking solutions to the challenges of climate change. ? Hydrogen and Batteries program The Hydrogen & Batteries ? Dual Helix of Decarbonisation program promotes the development and international growth of the Finnish hydrogen and battery industry value chains, technologies, solutions, and services. This program has been in favour of Finnish industry striving for zero-carbon. Program runtime: 2023-2028 More about Finland?s funding opportunities: BusinessFinland | ? The German Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) launched the funding program Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfD) to help energy-intensive industries like steel, chemical, and cement transition to climate-neutral practices. The program offers financial support for companies investing in innovative, eco- friendly technologies. Total funding volume: 50 billion ? ? Other funding opportunities: F�rderwegweiser ? The Federal Funding for Industry and Climate Protection (BIK) supports both investment and application-oriented research, development, and innovation projects. It aims to back investments that achieve a minimum 40 percent reduction in CO? emissions compared to previous levels. Minimum project size: Investment of at least 1 million ? or 0.5 million ? for SME | By 2030, the Korean government plans to invest over 100 billion USD in public- private partnerships as outlined in its Strategy for Fostering the Climate Tech Industry. This initiative aims to support the emergence of 10 climate tech unicorn companies and create 100,000 jobs within the sector. A dedicated fund for high-tech manufacturing and emerging technologies will be established, accompanied by strategies to attract 153 million USD in private funding for ESG initiatives, including impact investing and corporate venture capital. | ? The Net Zero Innovation Portfolio (NZIP) provides Research & Innovation funding for low carbon technologies and systems. Until June 2023 around 150 million � were granted for industry projects between TRL 4-7, including feasibility & demonstration. Examples of Accelerators include but are not limited to: ? Industrial Energy Efficiency Accelerator Funding volume: 10 million � ? Industrial fuel switching 21 feasibility + 13 demo projects on H2, biofuel and electrification Funding volume: 57.5 million � ? Industrial Hydrogen Accelerator 9 feasibilities + 3 demos Funding volume: 20 million � Accelerating CCUS Technologies (ACT) 3rd call accelerating and maturing CCS technologies Funding volume: 5 million � Other funding opportunities include: The Industrial Decarbonisation Challenge (IDC) (ended 2024; funding volume: 210 million �) Transforming foundation industries (funding volume: 141 million �) In July, the Chancellor announced new plans for a National Wealth Fund (NWF) to mobilise private capital in the UK?s green and growth industries. The NFW will deploy funding through the UK Infrastructure Bank (UKIB), building on the excellent work it has done since its inception in 2021, and focusing on further priority sectors and catalysing private investment at an even greater scale. The Industrial Energy Transformation Fund (IETF) is designed to help businesses with high energy use to cut their energy bills and carbon emissions through investing in energy efficiency and low carbon technologies, such as the feasibility of CCUS, or recovering waste heat. Total funding volume: launched in 2020, in 3 phases with �500 million of funding available up until 2028. |
| ALL | FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES – Key Projects & Amount | Project Name: | The Future Made in Australia | The RTI Initiative for Transforming Industry | Clean Fuels Fund | Opinions on Financial Support for Achieving Peak Carbon Emissions and Carbon Neutrality – Dual Carbon goals | The Horizon Europe programme | 5 million ? – Clean Energy Transition Partnership | Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfD) | Public- Private Partnerships | Industrial Energy Efficiency Accelerator |
| Funding Amount: | 1.7 billion AUD | 320 million ? | 1.5 billion CAD | ? | 95.5 billion ? | ? | 50 billion ? | 100 billion USD expected | 10 million � | ||
| Project Name: | The Powering the Regions Fund (PRF) | Austria and Australia launched a joint call for industrial decarbonisation. | Energy Innovation Program (EIP) | Low-carbon transition fund | Processes4Planet | Sustainable Manufacturing Finland | Industry and Climate Protection (BIK) | Fund for high-tech manufacturing and emerging technologies | Industrial fuel switching | ||
| Funding Amount: | 1.9 billion AUD | 7 million ? | ? | ? | 2.6 billion ? | ? | Minimum project size 1 million ? or 0.5 million ? for SME | 153 million USD in private funding planned | 57.5 million � | ||
| Project Name: | The National Reconstruction Fund Corporation (NRFC) | Clean Steel partnership | Hydrogen and Batteries program | Industrial Hydrogen Accelerator | |||||||
| Funding Amount: | 15 billion AUD | ? | ? | 20 million � | |||||||
| Project Name: | Australia and Austria launched a joint call for industrial decarbonisation | Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI) | BusinessFinland | Accelerating CCUS Technologies (ACT) 3rd call | |||||||
| Funding Amount: | 24 billion AUD | 1.7 billion ? | ? | 5 million � | |||||||
| Project Name: | The Innovation Fund | The Industrial Decarbonisation Challenge (IDC) (ending in 2024) | |||||||||
| Funding Amount: | 40 billion ? | 210 million � | |||||||||
| Project Name: | Transforming foundation industries | ||||||||||
| Funding Amount: | 141 million � | ||||||||||
| Project Name: | Green Industries Growth Accelerator (GIGA) – Offshore wind & electricity networks | ||||||||||
| Funding Amount: | 390 million � | ||||||||||
| Project Name: | Green Industries Growth Accelerator (GIGA) – CCUS and hydrogen | ||||||||||
| Funding Amount: | 390 million � | ||||||||||
| Project Name: | Green Industries Growth Accelerator (GIGA) – Nuclear fuels | ||||||||||
| Funding Amount: | 390 million � | ||||||||||
| ALL | RELEVANT POLICIES & ROADMAPS | SUMMARY | The Safeguard Mechanism is a policy by the Australian Government to reduce emissions from the nation’s largest industrial sites. Started in 2016 and reformed in 2023, it sets declining emission limits for facilities emitting over 100,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year. This includes sectors like mining, oil and gas, manufacturing, transport, and waste management. The mechanism aims to help Australia achieve net zero by 2050, while maintaining industrial competitiveness. The Australian Government’s Net Zero Industrial Sector Plan (NZISP) is an industry focussed emissions reduction plan that will outline the role of industry in supporting Australia?s transition to net zero. This plan is one of six sectoral plans, together they cover the whole of the economy and will plot a course for Australia’s strategy to meet its 2035 and 2050 emission reduction targets. | The National Energy and Climate Plan (NEKP) is a plan that all EU countries must use to demonstrate their path towards achieving their EU energy and climate targets. It must set goals within a 2030-horizon and concrete measures and policies to be implemented in the time period. The Federal Ministry for Climate Protection (BMK) has initiated the dialogue process “Climate Neutral Industry Austria” with the Federation of Austrian Industries (IV) and eleven emission-intensive industrial companies. The dialogue process with continuous exchange formats is designed for the long term. transform.industry supports Austria’s path to climate neutrality by 2040, recommending carbon-neutral technology investments and stable regulations. By modelling various transformation scenarios and proposing roadmaps for different sectors, it seeks to reconcile climate goals with industrial competitiveness. | The overarching 2030 Emissions Reduction Plan sets ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Canada by 40% compared to 2005 levels by 2030. Specifically within the Industry sector, the Hydrogen Strategy for Canada positions hydrogen as a vital element in the energy transition, while Canada?s Carbon Management Strategy emphasises Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilisation initiatives. The Roadmap to Net Zero Carbon Concrete by 2050 outlines plans to decarbonise the cement and concrete sectors. These policies are pivotal in Canada’s industrial decarbonisation activities. | The Chinese government has set the target of peaking carbon emissions by 2030 and being carbon neutral by 2060. China?s so-called Dual Carbon goals are implemented by ministry-level initiatives in key sectors and industries (including energy, industry, and others). Additionally, supporting measures in legal regulation, finance support, market systems, technological innovation, statistical accounting are included. Key policies include: ? State Council’s Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Establishment of a Sound Green, Low-Carbon, and Circular Development Economic System (Feb 2021) ? Implementation Plan Supported by Technology for Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality 2022-2030 (June 2022) ? Action Plan for Standardising Energy Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality (September 2022) Industry-specific policies include: ? Implementation Plan for Carbon Peaking in the Industrial Sector (July 2022) ? Implementation Plan for Carbon Peaking in the Buildings Material Sector (Nov 2022) ? Implementation Plan for Carbon Peaking in the Nonferrous Metal Industry (Nov 2022) | The fulfilment of National Climate and Energy plans serve as a successful instrument for coordinating Member States on the path towards decarbonisation and achieving climate targets. With the Green Deal Industrial Plan flagship, including major key initiatives such as the Net Zero Industry Act and the Critical Raw Materials Act, the EU enhances the competitiveness of Europe’s net-zero industry and is supporting acceleration of the transition to climate neutrality. It does so by creating a more supportive environment for scaling up the EU’s manufacturing capacity for the net-zero technologies and products required to meet Europe’s ambitious climate targets. Each industrial ecosystem must transform its business models and value chains to become the foundation of a green, digital, and resilient European economy. The European Commission is working with stakeholders in an inclusive process on concrete and actionable plans (transition pathways) developed for each of the industrial ecosystems. Furthermore the Industrial Technology Roadmaps are a core action in the new?European Research Area (ERA) strategy. They are?a tool brought forward by the Commission?to accelerate transfer of research and innovation results into the market for the green and digital transformation of industries across the EU. The roadmap on low-carbon technologies for energy-intensive industries highlights the most relevant technologies to achieve the decarbonisation of Europe?s most energy-intensive industries, such as steel, cement, or chemicals, among others. The roadmap on circular industrial technologies addresses the circularity of 3 industrial ecosystems: textiles, construction, and energy-intensive industries, which stand out for their resource intensity and waste generation, but also their potential for circularity | In 2019, Finland set the target of becoming carbon-neutral by 2035 and being the world?s first fossil-free welfare society. Finland aims to achieve climate targets through integrated sector-specific low- carbon Climate roadmaps created collaboratively by public and private sectors, providing a blueprint that reflects the diverse solutions of Finnish industries. In 2020, 14 Finnish sectors produced their own sectoral roadmaps, pathways for the sector?s decarbonisation. In autumn 2023, according to the Government programme of Prime Minister Orpo, the work started to update the sector specific low carbon roadmaps. The updating of low-carbon roadmaps will be completed in summer 2024 (status in June: 8 out of 14 roadmaps were published). Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment will publish a summary of the findings in autumn 2024. Roadmaps for hard-to-abate and energy-intensive industries include: – Roadmap for Finnish Technology Industries (includes metals, industrial minerals): Roadmap 2020 (in English), Roadmap 2024 (in Finnish) – Roadmap for the Finnish chemical sector (2020) In addition, according to the Government Programme the government is updating the energy and climate strategy and preparing an industrial policy strategy. | The German government works on different strategies to reach the goal of climate neutrality in 2045. The BMWK released an outline for its carbon management strategy, alongside a draft law to amend the Carbon Dioxide Storage Act (KSpG). Emphasising carbon neutrality by 2045, the strategy aims to tackle emissions, with decarbonisation as the central focus of current climate efforts. The Federal Government’s National Hydrogen Strategy (NHS) outlines plans for hydrogen production, transport, and utilisation, aiming for carbon neutrality by 2045. Through doubling electrolyser capacity and enhancing infrastructure, Germany seeks to lead in hydrogen technologies by 2030 to meet the ambitious climate goals. Germany’s cement association (VDZ) has released a report outlining a roadmap to decarbonise cement and concrete production. The report stresses collaboration across the construction industry to achieve net zero emissions. | The Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis is a law that stipulates principles and systems related to climate crisis response policies. According to Article 10 of the law, National Carbon Neutrality & Green Growth Basic Plans must be established. These include sector-specific emission reduction targets. The Carbon Neutrality Technology Innovation Roadmap presents step-by-step goals for applying Korean Carbon Neutrality Top 100 Core Technologies to actual sites. The Korean government plans to use this roadmap as a basic blueprint for government research and development investment in the carbon neutrality field. The Korean Carbon Neutrality Top 100 Core Technologies are technologies selected by the government as crucial for Korea’s journey towards carbon neutrality. They indicate the direction of R&D in the field of decarbonisation, considering factors like Korea’s geographical conditions, industrial structure, and technology level. | The main strategy document is the Industrial Decarbonisation Strategy (IDS), published under a previous government in 2021. The strategy committed to publish an update on actions in the IDS every five years and the UK government expect to publish an update in line with that timing, as well as providing the annual response to the Climate Change Committee?s progress report. The Carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) and ?demand-side? policy measures such as mandatory and voluntary product standards, labelling, and green public procurement. |
| ALL | FLAGSHIP PROJECTS | SUMMARY | BlueScope has been awarded 136.8 million AUD towards the reline and upgrade of its No. 6 Blast Furnace at the Port Kembla Steelworks. This project will maintain domestic production, reduce emissions, and support pathways to producing even lower-emissions steel in the future. LIBERTY has also been awarded 63.2 million AUD towards the purchase and commission of a low carbon electric arc furnace (EAF) to replace the existing traditional blast furnace at the Whyalla Steelworks. The new state of the art EAF will support the manufacturing of green steel and help achieve LIBERTY?s aim of carbon neutrality by 2030. | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH has developed HYFOR�, the world?s first direct reduction process for iron ore concentrates that does not require any prior iron ore treatment. This leads to a reduction of energy consumption by 20% and CO2 emissions by 80%. The Industry4Redispatch (I4RD) project conducted by the Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH & various partners aims to develop innovative grid support solutions, enabling industrial plants to provide flexibility for redispatch while optimising their market participation and energy security. | Steel producers like ArcelorMittal and Algoma Steel are transitioning their production methods and investing in electric arc furnaces, potentially cutting Canadian GHG emissions by up to 3 million tons CO2-equivalent per year. The Canadian Government supports BHP to develop a world-leading low-emission potash mine in Saskatchewan, prioritising CO2 footprint reduction and worker safety. It is expected to generate the lowest direct on- site emissions intensity of any potash mine. Canada has invested 49 million $ in Inter Pipeline’s Heartland Petrochemical Complex to support the production of highly recyclable polypropylene, creating new jobs and saving up to 1.75 million tonnes of CO2 per year. Furthermore, collaborating with Air Products Canada, the Canadian government has been advancing the clean hydrogen sector with a jointly 1.3 billion $ investment in a net-zero hydrogen production facility in Edmonton, aiming to secure an early foothold in the global hydrogen market. ELYSIS, a joint venture between Alcoa and Rio Tinto, focuses on scaling up an innovative process in aluminium production, eliminating GHG emissions from the smelting process. The project has the potential to create more than 1,000 jobs by 2030 and secure over 10,500 current work positions. | On June 2, 2023, the National Energy Group inaugurated Asia’s largest thermal power carbon dioxide capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) project at the Taizhou Power Plant. This demonstration project, entirely designed and executed by China, boasts the capacity to capture and utilise 500,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide annually. The project yields high-purity (>99%) dry- based carbon dioxide. | The European Commission?s report on ?Scaling up innovative technologies for climate neutrality? maps demonstrators in energy-intensive industries financed either by EU instruments or by individual EU countries through IPCEI Projects. The report gives an overview of over 184 demonstrators or technologies in sectors like chemicals, cement, steel, glass, paper, ceramics industries, and oil refineries implemented until January 2023. On the European Steel Technology Platform a list of The Clean Steel Partnership projects can be found. It is also possible to consult ongoing projects of various themes and technical fields on the Processes4Planted Website. Further examples can be found through JRC Energy and Industry Geography Lab, European industrial associations, etc. | SHARC is a renewable hydrogen project backed by 88 million EUR from the Innovation Fund. It will introduce electrolysis and carbon capture and storage technologies at Neste?s Porvoo refinery. Set to operate at near-market conditions by 2025, it aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 4 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent over its first decade of operation. PULSE is a chemical recycling project that plans to integrate advanced technologies into the Porvoo refinery. The demonstrator is expected to be close to market by 2028. Its goal is to cut 10.3 million tonnes of CO2- equivalent in greenhouse gas emissions within its first 10 years of operation. P2X-Europe is a project that showcases power-to-liquid technology solutions using hydrogen derived from renewable energy in the chemicals sector. Finland is contributing 70 million EUR to this demonstrator in Harjavalta, which is expected to be close to market by 2024, through the Hydrogen IPCEI. MORSE is a multi-country project that demonstrates digitalisation technologies at TRL 7 in the steel industry, with two operational plants in Finland and one in Austria. | The Everest project, undertaken by the company Lhoist, a member of the Federal Association of the German Lime Industry (BVK), is a significant initiative aimed at achieving carbon neutrality in the lime industry. The project involves the implementation of CCUS and securely stores approximately 1.5 million tonnes of CO? annually. This project marks the largest carbon capture project in Germany to date and demonstrates. Everest project: W�lfrath, Lhoist Group The project Concrete Chemicals at the CEMEX site in R�dersdorf, one of Germany’s largest cement plants, aims to establish a large-scale demonstration facility. It involves two stages of scaling, initially producing hydrogen locally using renewable energy sources to create 15,000 tons of e-kerosene annually. The project will advance innovative catalytic processes and reactor technologies to achieve long-term low-CO? cement production. Concrete Chemicals project: R�kersdorf, CEMEX | The Carbon Neutrality Core Technology Development Project, initiated in 2023, aims to contribute to the green transformation of manufacturing industries by developing technologies and conducting demonstrations to convert carbon emissions processes of the four major carbon emitting industries such as steel, cement, petrochemicals, semi- conductors/display to carbon-neutral processes. 52 Strategy for Fostering the Climate Tech Industry (June 2023) Additionally, a Carbon Neutrality Grand Consortium will be formed to manage and share R&D information of the projects, and to support cooperation and exchange among institutions. This promotes the dissemination of carbon neutrality R&D achievements across the entire industry for the achievement of carbon neutrality. | The Hynet NorthWest cluster is an impressive flagship project, which focuses on a CO2- pipeline and offshore transport and storage system, as well as the deployment of hydrogen infrastructure across North West England and North Wales. This includes the production of low-carbon hydrogen and the transport and storage of CO2 generated during hydrogen production. The Hynet NorthWest Cluster Plan project, completed in March 2023, outlined a roadmap for a multi-vector energy system that integrates renewables, hydrogen, carbon capture and storage (CCUS), nuclear energy, and smart grids to promote clean growth in the region. |
